Estampie

来自德国的Estampie可能是最着名的中世纪音乐组合，乐队Estampie来自德国慕尼黑，乐队名字是指十三到十四世纪流行于南欧的一种音乐形式，以器乐合奏为主，常用于舞蹈伴奏。 80年代中期成立，活跃至今。足迹遍布音乐，史诗，舞台剧。是欧洲中世纪文化复兴运动的重要力量。和 Poeta Magica 不同的是，Estampie的音乐有浓厚的宗教色彩，主唱采用庄严的女声，常出现大段的圣咏。同时乐队又具有良好的古典音乐背景，曲风内敛严谨，歌词多取材中世纪游吟诗人的作品，是学院派中世纪民谣的旗帜。这么多年来他不断把那些属于中世纪的声音带回现实生活中。无论是在古典音乐界还是流行音乐界他们都取得了成功。 Michael Popp、Sigrid Hausen和Ernst Schwindl给她的定位是“歌唱中世纪音乐的慕尼黑合唱团”严谨深厚的学院派功底是Estampie凌驾于其他众多中世纪组合之上的最根本原因。在1987年，他们赢得了荷兰中世纪音乐大赛的冠军。 The medieval dance and musical form called the estampie in French, the estampida in Occitan, and istampitta (also istanpitta or stampita) in Italian was a popular instrumental style of the 13th and 14th centuries. [edit] Musical Form The estampie consists of four to seven sections, called puncta, each of which is repeated, in the form aa, bb, cc, etc.. Different endings (ouvert (open) and clos (closed)) are provided for the first and second statement of each punctum, so that the structure can be a+x, a+y; b+w, b+z; etc.. Sometimes the same two endings are used for all the puncta, producing the structure a+x, a+y; b+x, b+y, c+x, c+y, etc.. A similar structure was shared with the saltarello, another medieval dance. The earliest reported example of this musical form is the song "Kalenda Maya", supposedly written by the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (1180-1207) to the melody of an estampida played by French jongleurs. All other known examples are purely instrumental pieces. 14th century examples include estampies with subtitles such as Lamento di Tristano, La Manfredina, Salterello, Isabella, Tre fontane. Though the estampie is generally monophonic, examples of two-voice compositions in the form of an estampie are also reported. [edit] Dance Choreography The idealized dance character of all these pieces suggests that the estampie originally was a true dance. There are no surviving dance manuals describing the estampie as a dance. Illuminations and paintings from the period seem to indicate that the estampie involves fairly vigorous hopping. Some estampies, such as the famous Tre fontane ("Three Fountains") estampie, contain florid and virtuosic instrumental writing; they may have been intended as abstract performance music rather than actual dance music. [edit] Etymology The etymology of the name is disputed; an alternative name of the dance is stantipes, which suggests that one foot was stationary during the dance; but the more widely accepted etymology relates it to estamper, to stamp the feet.